Arthur Schopenhauer ( SHOH-pən-how-ər; German: [ˈaʁtuːɐ̯ ˈʃoːpn̩haʊɐ] ; 22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation (expanded in 1844), which characterizes the phenomenal world as the manifestation of a blind and irrational noumenal will....
It is a clear gain to sacrifice pleasure in order to avoid pain.
Treat a work of art like a prince. Let it speak to you first.
—Samuel Johnson in The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia
—L.H. Cosway in The Nature of Cruelty