I have striven not to laugh at human actions, not to weep at them, nor to hate them, but to understand them.

Baruch Spinoza

About Baruch Spinoza

Portrait of Baruch Spinoza

Baruch (de) Spinoza (24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677), known under his preferred Latinized pen name as Benedictus de Spinoza, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin, who was born in the Dutch Republic. A forerunner of the Age of Enlightenment, Spinoza significantly influenced modern biblical criticism, 17th-century rationalism, and...

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